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Fintech / mobile paymentsSourced

Case Study: Cash App scales to 400TiB and 4 million QPS on PlanetScale

Cash App (Block) Case StudySourced & dated by Case Study Desk
Key facts · TL;DR
Company
Cash App (Block)
Industry
Fintech / mobile payments
Challenge
Escape the operational burden of a self-hosted, forked Vitess deployment at massive scale.
Headline result
~4 million queries per second across 400 shards and around 400TiB of data, with Block saving 64% and cutting p99 latency 50% on PlanetScale Metal

Key results

4M
Queries per second at peak
across 400 shards
400TiB
Total data managed
on PlanetScale
64%
Cost savings
Block on PlanetScale Metal
50%
Lower p99 latency
Block on PlanetScale Metal

The challenge

Cash App, the mobile payments app from Block, ran its databases on a self-hosted Vitess setup that required maintaining a forked version of Vitess and constant, time-consuming software upgrades. Because Vitess was deployed on top of existing MySQL infrastructure rather than in Kubernetes, operations were manual and error-prone. As data demands grew, the overhead of scaling in its in-house data centers became difficult to sustain.

The solution

Cash App migrated from its self-hosted Vitess to PlanetScale's managed platform, citing PlanetScale's deep Vitess and AWS expertise and its ability to meet strict regulatory requirements. The move offloaded cluster management and let the team scale without time-consuming hardware upgrades.

The actual cutover was almost comically boring, which is exactly where I wanted to be after all the upfront work we put in.

AY
Aaron Young
Engineering Manager, Cash App

The results, in context

At peak times, Cash App's database handles approximately 3–4 million queries per second across 400 shards, totaling around 400TiB of data. By moving to PlanetScale Metal, Block saved 64% and cut p99 latency by 50%, while gaining more stable performance with fewer spikes during peak loads and Vitess-specific dashboard insights for its engineers.

Products used

PlanetScale PlanetScale (Vitess)PlanetScale PlanetScale Metal